需要用到gevent-websocket包,这里我们用下图这个

一.websocket简单实现

ep1.py

from geventwebsocket.handler import WebSocketHandlerfrom gevent.pywsgi import WSGIServerfrom geventwebsocket.websocket import WebSocket # 引这个模块为了注释中显示提示用from flask import Flask, render_template,requestapp = Flask(__name__)@app.route('/my_app')def my_app():    return render_template('my_app.html')@app.route('/my_ws')def my_ws():    print(request.environ)    user_socket = request.environ.get('wsgi.websocket') # type:WebSocket    while 1:        msg = user_socket.receive()        print(msg)        user_socket.send(msg)if __name__ == '__main__':    # app.run()    http_server = WSGIServer(('0.0.0.0',9527),app,handler_class=WebSocketHandler)    http_server.serve_forever()

my_app.html

我即将是Websocket

request.environ:

{    'GATEWAY_INTERFACE': 'CGI/1.1',    'SERVER_SOFTWARE': 'gevent/1.4 Python/3.6',    'SCRIPT_NAME': '',    'wsgi.version': (1, 0),    'wsgi.multithread': False,    'wsgi.multiprocess': False,    'wsgi.run_once': False,    'wsgi.url_scheme': 'http',    'wsgi.errors': < _io.TextIOWrapper name = '
     
      '    mode = 'w'    encoding = 'UTF-8' > ,    'SERVER_NAME': 'DESKTOP-3B0N8T7',    'SERVER_PORT': '9527',    'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET',    'PATH_INFO': '/my_ws',    'QUERY_STRING': '',    'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.1',    'REMOTE_ADDR': '127.0.0.1',    'REMOTE_PORT': '62130',    'HTTP_HOST': '127.0.0.1:9527',    'HTTP_CONNECTION': 'Upgrade',    'HTTP_PRAGMA': 'no-cache',    'HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL': 'no-cache',    'HTTP_UPGRADE': 'websocket',    'HTTP_ORIGIN': 'http://127.0.0.1:9527',    'HTTP_SEC_WEBSOCKET_VERSION': '13',    'HTTP_USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.103 Safari/537.36',    'HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING': 'gzip, deflate, br',    'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',    'HTTP_COOKIE': 'session=cd724228-79f3-4fee-af68-f923b5298ddf',    'HTTP_SEC_WEBSOCKET_KEY': 'Sut5Yva++5oPh3yBO8nbXw==',    'HTTP_SEC_WEBSOCKET_EXTENSIONS': 'permessage-deflate; client_max_window_bits',    'wsgi.input': < gevent.pywsgi.Input object at 0x00000222A00988E8 > ,    'wsgi.input_terminated': True,    'wsgi.websocket_version': '13',    'wsgi.websocket': < geventwebsocket.websocket.WebSocket object at 0x00000222A009F1E8 > ,    'werkzeug.request': < Request 'http://127.0.0.1:9527/my_ws' [GET] >}
     

 

二.使用websocket简单应用

1.简单实现聊天, (一对一单人聊天聊天)

import jsonfrom geventwebsocket.handler import WebSocketHandlerfrom gevent.pywsgi import WSGIServerfrom geventwebsocket.websocket import WebSocketfrom geventwebsocket.exceptions import WebSocketErrorfrom flask import Flask,render_template,requestapp = Flask(__name__)# user_socket_list = []user_socket_dict = {}@app.route("/my_app")def my_app():    print(request.environ)    return render_template("my_app.html")@app.route("/my_ws/
      
       ")def my_ws(username):    user_socket = request.environ.get("wsgi.websocket") # type:WebSocket    user_socket_dict[username] = user_socket    print(len(user_socket_dict),user_socket_dict)    while 1:        try:            msg = user_socket.receive() # 阻塞等待消息数据            print(msg,type(msg))            msg_dict = json.loads(msg)            # msg = {from_user:xxx,to_user:robert,messge:"hello"}            to_user = msg_dict.get("to_user")            to_user_socket = user_socket_dict.get(to_user)            to_user_socket.send(msg)            # user_socket_dict.get(msg.get(to_user) == "robert").send(msg)        except WebSocketError:            user_socket_dict.pop(username)            return "good bye"if __name__ == '__main__':    # app.run()    http_serv = WSGIServer(("0.0.0.0",9527),app,handler_class=WebSocketHandler)    http_serv.serve_forever()
      

    
          你的名字:登录聊天室
发送至
消息发送
      

2. 实现多人在线聊天

from geventwebsocket.handler import WebSocketHandlerfrom gevent.pywsgi import WSGIServerfrom geventwebsocket.websocket import WebSocketfrom geventwebsocket.exceptions import WebSocketErrorfrom flask import Flask,render_template,requestapp = Flask(__name__)user_socket_list = []@app.route("/my_app")def my_app():    return render_template("my_app.html")@app.route("/my_ws")def my_ws():    user_socket = request.environ.get("wsgi.websocket") # type:WebSocket    user_socket_list.append(user_socket)    print(len(user_socket_list),user_socket_list)    while 1:        try:            msg = user_socket.receive() # 阻塞等待消息数据        except WebSocketError:            user_socket_list.remove(user_socket)            return "good bye"        for u in user_socket_list:            if u == user_socket:                continue            try:                u.send(msg)            except :                continueif __name__ == '__main__':    # app.run()    http_serv = WSGIServer(("0.0.0.0",9527),app,handler_class=WebSocketHandler)    http_serv.serve_forever()

    
              发送    
      
    
      

三.websocket握手原理, 加密, 解密

下面是我用python代码进行的简单原理实现, 上文中的websocket其实已经帮我们封装好了这些方式

1.握手原理

import socket, base64, hashlib# 分析HTTP请求sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 9527))sock.listen(5)# 获取客户端socket对象conn, address = sock.accept() # 阻塞# 获取客户端的【握手】信息data = conn.recv(1024)print(data)"""b'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: 127.0.0.1:9527\r\nConnection: Upgrade\r\nPragma: no-cache\r\nCache-Control: no-cache\r\nUpgrade: websocket\r\nOrigin: http://localhost:63342\r\nSec-WebSocket-Version: 13\r\nUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.103 Safari/537.36\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br\r\nAccept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9\r\nSec-WebSocket-Key: 176bkom1UAtHfS7MUYCwlQ==\r\nSec-WebSocket-Extensions: permessage-deflate; client_max_window_bits\r\n\r\n'"""# 由于信息是bytes类型,所以我们要将请求头信息处理转化为字典# 获取头的第1种方式def get_headers(data):    header_dict = {}    header_str = data.decode("utf8")    for i in header_str.split("\r\n"):        if str(i).startswith("Sec-WebSocket-Key"):            header_dict["Sec-WebSocket-Key"] = i.split(":")[1].strip()    return header_dict# 获取头的第2种方式def get_header(data):    """     将请求头格式化成字典     :param data:     :return:     """    header_dict = {}    data = str(data, encoding='utf-8')    header, body = data.split('\r\n\r\n', 1)    header_list = header.split('\r\n')    for i in range(0, len(header_list)):        if i == 0:            if len(header_list[i].split(' ')) == 3:                header_dict['method'], header_dict['url'], header_dict['protocol'] = header_list[i].split(' ')        else:            k, v = header_list[i].split(':', 1)            header_dict[k] = v.strip()    return header_dictheaders = get_headers(data)  # 提取请求头信息# # 对请求头中的sec-websocket-key进行加密swk = headers['Sec-WebSocket-Key']# Websocket 中的魔法字符串 magic_stringmagic_string = '258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11'value = swk + magic_string# 176bkom1UAtHfS7MUYCwlQ==258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11# ZWHsGUn8ogDGd+JYzQunlQ==258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11# 先SHA1后base64ac = base64.b64encode(hashlib.sha1(value.encode('utf-8')).digest())print(value)print(ac)# b'PIj4+UWLuqcpcTZcMnnu9Ik6rSQ='# b'iZFEC+HI/NqNp5g2BoENbywWBLA='response_tpl = "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\n" \               "Upgrade:websocket\r\n" \               "Connection: Upgrade\r\n" \               "Sec-WebSocket-Accept: %s\r\n" \               "WebSocket-Location: ws://127.0.0.1:9527\r\n\r\n"response_str = response_tpl % (ac.decode('utf-8'))# 响应【握手】信息conn.send(response_str.encode("utf8"))while True:    msg = conn.recv(8096)    print(msg)    import websocket加密    conn.send(websocket加密.res())# # magic string为：258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11#

 2.加密

import structdef res():    msg_bytes = "hello".encode("utf8")    token = b"\x81"    length = len(msg_bytes) # 5    if length < 126:        token += struct.pack("B", length)    elif length == 126:        token += struct.pack("!BH", 126, length)    else:        token += struct.pack("!BQ", 127, length)    msg = token + msg_bytes    print(msg)    return msg

 

3.解密 

# b'\x81\x83\xceH\xb6\x85\xffz\x85'hashstr = b'\x81\x8c\xc2J\xb3\x0c\xaa/\xdf`\xadj\xc4c\xb0&\xd7-'# b'\x81    \x8c    \xc2J\xb3\x0c\xaa/\xdf`\xadj\xc4c\xb0&\xd7-'ssss = b'\x81\xfe\x0bp\x8fF\xa1\xa3j\xc3)F7\xdbD+\x14\xa2\x199i\xda\x0bF\x02\xccI#\x03\xa2\x19\x0ef\xc72F;\xefG\r\r\xa9\x1d/k\xfd+F+\xefE\x1b\x04\xa2\x,'print(ssss[2:4])  # == 140# 与127做 与 位运算 12# Websocket 加密 解密 3种情况# 校验位 : 由websocket加密字符串的第二个字节与127期开始进行与位运算# 校验位 == 127# 校验位 == 126# 校验位 <= 125# 将第二个字节也就是 \x83 第9-16位 进行与127进行位运算payload = hashstr[1] & 127print(payload)if payload == 127:    extend_payload_len = hashstr[2:10]  # 15.5ZB    mask = hashstr[10:14]    decoded = hashstr[14:]# 当位运算结果等于127时,则第3-10个字节为数据长度# 第11-14字节为mask 解密所需字符串# 则数据为第15字节至结尾# ssss = b'\x81\xfe\x0bp\x8fF\xa1\xa3j\xc3)F7\xdbD+\x14\xa2\x199i\xda\x0bF\x02\xccI#\x03\xa2\x19\x0ef\xc72F;\xefG\r\r\xa9\x1d/k\xa0\x0c\x07g\xe9;F\x02\xf7G#*\\xa0+\x06k\xff*G,'if payload == 126:    extend_payload_len = hashstr[2:4]  # \x0bp\x8fF  65535 字节 21845个汉字    mask = hashstr[4:8]  # xa1\xa3j\xc3)F7    decoded = hashstr[8:]  # 从第九个开始全是数据# 当位运算结果等于126时,则第3-4个字节为数据长度# 第5-8字节为mask 解密所需字符串# 则数据为第9字节至结尾# hashstr = b'\x81\x8c\xc2J\xb3\x0c\xaa/\xdf`\xadj\xc4c\xb0&\xd7-'  12if payload <= 125:    extend_payload_len = None    mask = hashstr[2:6]  # \xc2J\xb3\x0c\xaa    decoded = hashstr[6:]  # /\xdf`\xadj\xc4c\xb0&\xd7-# 当位运算结果小于等于125时,则这个数字12就是数据的长度# 第3-6字节为mask 解密所需字符串# 则数据为第7字节至结尾str_byte = bytearray()# mask_len = 4# [0,1,2,3]for i in range(len(decoded)): # 12 - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11    byte = decoded[i] ^ mask[i % 4] # i=0    str_byte.append(byte)print(str_byte.decode("utf8"))